Category: Bilingual Education

Texas Seal of Biliteracy: bilingual students in paired Spanish and English conversation practice
Texas recognizes bilingual graduates through a performance acknowledgment, not a classic seal. How it works, the criteria, and what may change.
Virginia Seal of Biliteracy: students practicing spoken conversation in a world language classroom
The Virginia Seal of Biliteracy: VDOE requirements, the Intermediate Mid threshold, approved assessments, and how students earn it.
Missouri Seal of Biliteracy: a student presenting a cultural heritage project to classmates
The Missouri Seal of Biliteracy: DESE requirements, the sociocultural competence component, approved pathways, and how students earn it.
Oregon Seal of Biliteracy: multilingual students practicing conversation in small groups
The Oregon Seal of Biliteracy and Multiliteracy: requirements, the all-domains Intermediate High bar, and how students earn it.
Ohio Seal of Biliteracy: a counselor and bilingual student reviewing a graduation plan together
The Ohio Seal of Biliteracy: requirements, approved assessments, the Intermediate High threshold, and how it fits Ohio's graduation seals.
Maryland Seal of Biliteracy: a graduate receiving her diploma with a gold seal as classmates applaud
The Maryland Seal of Biliteracy: MSDE requirements, approved assessments, the Intermediate High threshold, and how students earn it.
Benefits of translanguaging for multilingual students
The research-backed benefits of translanguaging: comprehension, engagement, identity, and deeper learning, plus the practical conditions districts need to realize them.
Students in conversation, translanguaging vs code-switching
Translanguaging vs code-switching explained: how the two concepts differ, why the distinction matters for instruction, and a side-by-side comparison table.
Translanguaging strategies for the classroom
Practical translanguaging strategies teachers can use, including strategies that work when the teacher is monolingual, plus how to plan them with content and language goals.
Translanguaging examples in the classroom
Concrete translanguaging examples across reading, writing, discussion, and assessment, plus what makes each one purposeful rather than unstructured.