SIFE students (students with interrupted formal education) need distinct support. Who they are, how to identify them, and the instructional approaches that work.
How the science of reading applies to English Learners: what the research says, what transfers, what must be adapted, and why oral language is the missing piece.
Oral language development is the foundation of reading and academic success for English Learners. What it is, why it matters, and how districts can build it at scale.
Structured literacy and the science of reading applied to English Learners: what the approach is, the components, and the oral language piece ELs need that others may not.
Academic vocabulary explained: the three tiers, why Tier 2 words matter most for English Learners, example word lists, and how to teach academic vocabulary effectively.
The research-backed benefits of translanguaging: comprehension, engagement, identity, and deeper learning, plus the practical conditions districts need to realize them.
Translanguaging vs code-switching explained: how the two concepts differ, why the distinction matters for instruction, and a side-by-side comparison table.
Practical translanguaging strategies teachers can use, including strategies that work when the teacher is monolingual, plus how to plan them with content and language goals.
